Prelude to the Easter Rising of 1916

Prelude to the Easter Rising of 1916
The Signatories of the Proclamation

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Saturday, June 15, 2013

Members of the Eighteenth Dáil - Frank Cluskey

Frank Cluskey

Frank Cluskey (8 April 1930 – 7 May 1989) was an Irish politician and leader of the Irish Labour Party from 1977 to 1981.
Cluskey was born on 8 April 1930 in Dublin. He worked as a butcher and then joined the Labour Party. He quickly became a branch secretary in the Workers' Union of Ireland. At the 1965 general election he was elected as a Labour Party Teachta Dála (TD) for theDublin South–Central constituency. In 1968 he was elected Lord Mayor of Dublin. In 1973 he was appointed Parliamentary Secretaryto the Minister for Social Welfare, Brendan Corish. He introduced sweeping reforms to the area while he held that position. He played a leading role in initiating the EU Poverty Programmes.
The Fine Gael–Labour Party coalition was defeated at the 1977 general election resulting in the resignation of Brendan Corish as Labour Party leader. Cluskey was elected the new leader of the Labour Party. In 1981, the Labour Party entered into a coalition government with Fine Gael. However Cluskey had lost his seat in Dáil Éireann at the 1981 general election and with it the party leadership. He was appointed on 1 July 1981 as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for Dublin, replacing Michael O'Leary, who had resigned the seat after succeeding Cluskey as Labour leader.
The coalition government fell in January 1982 over a budget dispute, and Cluskey was re-elected to the Dáil at the February 1982 general election. When the coalition returned to office after the November 1982 election, Cluskey was appointed as Minister for Trade, Commerce and Tourism. He then resigned from the European Parliament, to be replaced by Brendan Halligan.
On 8 December 1983 he resigned as Minister due to a fundamental disagreement over government policy about the Dublin Gas Company. He retained his Dáil seat in the 1987 general election.
Following his re-election his health deteriorated. He died on 7 May 1989 after a long battle with cancer.

Members of the Eighteenth Dáil - Michael O'Leary

Michael O'Leary
Michael O'Leary (8 May 1936 – 11 May 2006) was an Irish politician and barrister. He was Minister for Labour and while leader of the Labour Party became Minister for Energy and Tánaiste. He later became a member of the Fine Gael party.
Born in Cork, the son of a publican, O'Leary was educated at Presentation College, University College Cork, Columbia University, New York and King's Inns. On returning to Ireland, he became involved in Labour politics and was employed as Education Officer for theIrish Transport and General Workers' Union (ITGWU). In this rôle he was instrumental in establishing the Universities Branch, affiliated to Dublin North-Central Constituency, bringing together Dublin University Fabian Society and University College Dublin Labour Party students.
O'Leary was first elected to Dáil Éireann as a Labour Party Teachta Dála (TD) for Dublin North–Central at the 1965 general election. His agent was Bob Mitchell, Chairman of Dublin University Fabian Society, who could claim credit in a dirty campaign for picking up transfers to squeeze out the Labour Party front-runner on the 11th Recount.
When first elected to the Dáil, O'Leary encouraged the Labour Party to take a more left-wing stance in its policies. He was initially strongly opposed to the idea of a coalition with Fine Gael but after the 1969 general election he believed that there was a need for a new approach. When the Labour Party and Fine Gael formed the National Coalition government following the 1973 general election he was appointed Minister for Labour.
In 1977, he was narrowly defeated by Frank Cluskey for the leadership of the party. Cluskey resigned as Labour Party leader when he lost his Dáil seat at the 1981 general election and O'Leary was elected unanimously to succeed him. In the 1979 European Parliament election O'Leary was elected to the European Parliament for the Dublin constituency.
In the short-lived Fine Gael–Labour Party government of 1981 to 1982, O'Leary became Tánaiste and Minister for Energy. Shortly after the government defeat at the February 1982 general election he resigned as leader of the Labour Party and joined Fine Gael, subsequently being elected a TD for that party in the Dublin South–West constituency at the November 1982 general election. He was kept out of cabinet office by his former Labour colleagues.
In 1985, O'Leary introduced a private member's bill on divorce which forced the government into holding the 1986 divorce referendum.
When the Progressive Democrats were formed in 1985 he considered joining.
He did not contest the 1987 general election and afterwards he moved back to Cork and practised as a barrister. He unsuccessfully contested the 1992 general election in Cork North–Central and received about 2% of the valid poll. He was elected as a Fine Gael member of Cork City Council at the 1991 local elections.
He was appointed a District Court judge in 1997 by the Fine Gael–Labour Party–Democratic Left coalition government.
O'Leary died in France in May 2006 following a drowning accident in a swimming pool. He was on holiday, having retired as a judge just days earlier.

Members of the Eighteenth Dáil - Luke Belton

Luke Belton (9 August 1918 – 18 June 2006) was an Irish Fine Gael politician.
A publican from Rathcline, County Longford, he unsuccessfully contested the 1961 general election and was first elected to Dáil Éireann as a Fine Gael Teachta Dála (TD) for the Dublin North–Central constituency at the 1965 general election. He continued to be re-elected for the constituency (renamed Dublin Finglas in 1977) until losing his seat at the 1981 general election when he stood in the Dublin Central constituency. He was again unsuccessful at the February 1982 election and the 1987 general election and then retired from politics.
He was defeated in the Seanad election of 1981, but was elected to the Administrative Panel of the 16th Seanad in early 1982, and re-elected to serve in the 17th Seanad from 1983 to 1987.
He died in 2006, aged 87.
A number of other Belton family members have also served in the Oireachtas

Members of the Eighteenth Dáil - Desmond "Des" Foley

Desmond "Des" Foley (12 September 1940 – 5 February 1995) was an Irish sports person in the 1960s, specialising in the Gaelic games of Gaelic football and hurling. He was also a politician and represented Fianna Fáil in Dáil Éireann.
Des Foley was born into a farming family at Kinsealy, County Dublin in 1940. As a young man he showed particular skill at Gaelic games, winning four Dublin County Senior Hurling Championships with the St Vincents GAA club, having earlier captained the St Joseph's school team which brought the All-Ireland Colleges football title to Dublin for the first time. Foley captained the Dublin minor football team which won the All-Ireland Final in 1958. In 1962 he became the only player in history to play in two provincial Railway Cup finals, in hurling and football, on the same day, winning medals in both codes for Leinster. He won further Railway Cup medals again in 1964 and 1965.
Foley was a prominent member of the Dublin Hurling team from 1958 until 1969, playing on the losing side in the 1961 All-Ireland Final. In 1963 he captained the county football side which defeated Galway to win the All-Ireland title. He won three All-Star awards, two for football and one for hurling, but never a senior All-Ireland hurling medal. He was a mid-fielder of the highest ranking, particularly noted for his outstanding sportsmanship. His brother Lar Foley was a team colleague, both in hurling and football, through most of his campaigns in the 1950s and 60s and who was also an All Ireland medal winner for Gaelic Football in 1958 and 1963.
Towards the end of his playing career, Foley became interested in politics and was elected to Dáil Éireann as a Fianna Fáil Teachta Dála (TD) for the Dublin County constituency at the 1965 general election. He held his seat until he resigned on 4 November 1970 in protest against the Northern Ireland policy of the Taoiseach, Jack Lynch. Foley's constituency colleague, Kevin Boland, also resigned his seat on the same day. He unsuccessfully contest the 1973 general election in the Dublin County North constituency as anAontacht Éireann candidate.
Des Foley died in Dublin in 1995.

Members of the Eighteenth Dáil - Jeremiah "Jerry" Cronin

Jeremiah "Jerry" Cronin (15 September 1925 – 19 October 1990) was an Irish Fianna Fáil politician. He was first elected to Dáil Éireann at the 1965 general election as a Fianna Fáil Teachta Dála (TD) for the Cork North–East constituency. Cronin was appointed to the Irish Government on one occasion, serving as Minister for Defence from 1970 to 1973 under Taoiseach Jack Lynch. Cronin retired from domestic politics at the 1981 general election, having been elected to the European Parliament for a five-year term in 1979.
Jerry Cronin was born in Currabeha, Fermoy, County Cork, the son of Alice (née Mulcahy) and Sean Cronin. His uncle, Arthur Mulcahy, was a member of the Old IRA, and was shot by British forces during the Irish War of Independence on the night of 22 March 1921. 
Jerry Cronin died on 19 October 1990 after a battle with Parkinson's Disease. He was married to Shelia Cronin (née Sheehan), they lived in Mallow, County Cork and had six children.

Saturday, June 1, 2013

Patrick Pearse - the 1,000th post

Editorial Note: This is the 1,000th post. This started out as a forum for me to put in one place a collection of facts about Irish History, of which I had very little knowledge. As I am 99.9% Irish - there is a Frenchman and a Welsh woman in there somewhere; all the rest are Irish - I felt I needed to know more about my ancestry. As a family historian and a history buff, it was a natural progression for me to want know more about my heritage.
 
When I read the book by Peter DeRosa "Rebels, the Irish Rising of 1916", it inspired me to want to start this blog. It has been a journey for me. When I first started this blog, I did not conceive that people from all over this planet would be reading this. I have had over 80,000 pageviews since my undertaking this endeavour. This was/is unimaginable.
 
I have dedicated this post to the man for whom I have the most admiration, other than Jesus Christ. He was the one that was instrumental in starting this insane proposal of rebelling against the British Rule. Along with James Connolly, Thomas MacDonagh, Thomas Clarke, Joseph Plunkett, Seán MacDermott, and Éamonn Ceannt , he signed the 1916 Easter Proclamation and declared all Ireland to be free.
 
Padraig Pearse

Pearse Surrenders

Pearse at the GPO
 

Pearse's Surrender
 
Birthplace of Patrick and William Pearse
 
Patrick Henry Pearse (also known as Pádraic or Pádraig Pearse); Irish: Pádraig Anraí Mac Piarais; An Piarsach; 10 November 1879 – 3 May 1916) was an Irish teacher, barrister, poet, writer, nationalist and political activist who was one of the leaders of the Easter Rising in 1916. Following his execution along with fifteen other leaders, Pearse came to be seen by many as the embodiment of the rebellion.
 
Pearse and his brother Willie were born at 27 Great Brunswick Street, the street that is named after them today. It was here that their father, James Pearse, established a stonemasonry business in the 1850s, a business which flourished and provided the Pearses with a comfortable middle-class upbringing. Pearse's father was a mason and monumental sculptor, and originally a Unitarian from Birmingham in England.

The home life of Pearse was one where he was surrounded by books. His father had had very little formal education, but was self-educated; he had two children Emily and James, from his first marriage (two other children died in infancy). His second wife, Margaret Brady, was from Dublin, and her father's family from County Meath were native Irish speakers. The Irish-speaking influence of Pearse's great-aunt Margaret, together with his schooling at the CBS Westland Row, instilled in him an early love for the Irish language.

Pearse soon became involved in the Gaelic revival. In 1896, at the age of 16, he joined the Gaelic League (Conradh na Gaeilge), and in 1903, at the age of 23, he became editor of its newspaper An Claidheamh Soluis ("The Sword of Light").

Pearse's earlier heroes were the ancient Gaelic folk heroes such as Cúchulainn, though in his 30s he began to take a strong interest in the leaders of past republican movements, such as the United Irishmen Theobald Wolfe Tone and Robert Emmet. Both had been Protestant, but it was from such men as these that the fervently Catholic Pearse drew inspiration, for the rebellion of 1916.

In 1900, Pearse was awarded a BA in Modern Languages (Irish, English and French) by the Royal University of Ireland, for which he had studied for two years privately and for one at University College Dublin. In 1900, he was also awarded the degree of Barrister-at-Law from the King's Inns, and was called to the bar in 1901.
 
As a cultural nationalist educated by the Irish Christian Brothers, like his younger brother Willie, Pearse believed that language was intrinsic to the identity of a nation. The Irish school system, he believed, raised Ireland's youth to be good Englishmen or obedient Irishmen, and an alternative was needed. Thus for him and other language revivalists, saving the Irish language from extinction was a cultural priority of the utmost importance. The key to saving the language, he felt, would be a sympathetic education system. To show the way, he started his own bilingual school, St. Enda's School (Scoil Éanna) in Rathfarnham, County Dublin, in 1908. Here, the pupils were taught in both the Irish and English languages.

With the aid of Thomas MacDonagh, Pearse's younger brother Willie Pearse and other (often transient) academics, it soon proved a successful experiment. He did all he planned, and even brought students on field trips to the Gaeltacht in the west of Ireland. Pearse's restless idealism led him in search of an even more idyllic home for his school. He found it in the Hermitage, Rathfarnham, where he moved St. Enda's in 1910. Pearse was also involved in the foundation of St. Ita's school for girls, a school with similar aims to St. Enda's.

However, the new home, while splendidly located in an 18th-century house surrounded by a park and woodlands, caused financial difficulties that almost brought him to disaster. He strove continually to keep ahead of his debts while doing his best to maintain the school. In February 1914, he travelled to the USA to raise money for his ailing school where he met John Devoy and Joseph McGarrity both of whom were impressed by his fervour and supported him in raising sufficient money to secure the continued existence of the school.

In April 1912, the prospect of self-government for Ireland under a new Home Rule for Ireland Bill became reality, as John Redmond leader of the Irish Parliamentary Party, who held the balance of power in the House of Commons committed the government of the United Kingdom to introduce the Bill. Pearse gave the bill a qualified welcome. He was one of four speakers, including Redmond, Joseph Devlin MP, leader of the Northern Nationalists, and Eoin MacNeill a prominent Gaelic Leaguer, who addressed a large Home Rule Rally in Dublin on a public platform at the end of March 1912. Speaking in Irish, Pearse said he thought "a good measure can be gained if we have enough courage", but he warned, "Let the English understand that if we are again betrayed there shall be red war throughout Ireland."

In November 1913, Pearse was invited to the inaugural meeting of the Irish Volunteers—formed in reaction to the creation of the Ulster Volunteers—whose aim was "to secure and maintain the rights and liberties common to the whole people of Ireland". In an article entitled “The Coming Revolution” (November 1913) Pearse wrote
As to what your work as an Irish Nationalist is to be, I cannot conjecture; I know what mine is to be, and would have you know yours and buckle yourselves to it. And it may be (nay, it is) that your and mine will lead us to a common meeting-place, and that on a certain day we shall stand together, with many more beside us, ready for a greater adventure than any of us has yet had, a trial and a triumph to be endured and achieved in common.
The bill just failed to pass the House of Lords, but the Lord’s diminished power under the Parliament Act 1911 meant that the bill could only be delayed and was finally placed on the statute books with Royal Assent in September 1914, but suspended for the duration of World War I, whose context set the backdrop for events to follow.

John Redmond, leader of the IPP, feared his “national authority” might be circumvented by the Volunteers and decided to control the new movement. Despite opposition from the Irish Republican Brotherhood members, the Volunteer Executive agreed to share leadership with Redmond and a joint committee was set up. Pearse was opposed to this and was to write:
The leaders in Ireland have nearly always left the people at the critical moment; they have sometimes sold them.The former Volunteer movement was abandoned by its leaders; O’Connell recoiled before the cannon at Clontarf; twice the hour of the Irish revolution struck during Young Ireland days and twice it struck in vain, for Meagher hesitated in Waterford, Duffy and McGee hesitated in Dublin. Stephens refused to give the word in ‘65; he never came in ‘66 or ‘67. I do not blame these men; you or I might have done the same. It is a terrible responsibility to be cast on a man, that of bidding the cannon speak and the grapeshot pour.
The Volunteers split, one of the issues being support for the Allied and British war effort, a majority following Redmond in the National Volunteers in the belief that this would ensure Home Rule on their return. Pearse, exhilarated by the dramatic events of the European war wrote in an article written in December 1915 on patriotism:
It is patriotism that stirs the people. Belgium defending her soil is heroic, and so is Turkey . . . . . .
It is good for the world that such things should be done. The old heart of the earth needed to be warmed with the red wine of the battlefields.
Such august homage was never before offered to God as this, the homage of millions of lives given gladly for love of country.
In December 1913, Bulmer Hobson swore Pearse into the secret Irish Republican Brotherhood (IRB), an organisation dedicated to the overthrow of British rule in Ireland and its replacement with an Irish Republic. He was soon co-opted onto the IRB's Supreme Council by Tom Clarke. Pearse was then one of many people who were members of both the IRB and the Volunteers. When he became the Volunteers' Director of Military Organisation in 1914, he was the highest ranking Volunteer in the IRB membership, and instrumental in the latter's commandeering of the remaining minority of the Volunteers for the purpose of rebellion. By 1915 he was on the IRB's Supreme Council, and its secret Military Council, the core group that began planning for a rising while war raged on the European Western Front.

On 1 August 1915, Pearse gave a now-famous graveside oration at the funeral of the Fenian Jeremiah O'Donovan Rossa. It closed with the words:
It has been thought right, before we turn away from this place in which we have laid the mortal remains of O’Donovan Rossa that one among us should, in the name of all, speak the praise of that valiant man, and endeavour to formulate the thought and the hope that are in us as we stand around his grave. And if there is anything that makes it fitting that I rather than another, I rather than one of the greyhaired men who were young with him and shared in his labour and in his suffering, should speak here, it is perhaps that I may be taken as speaking on behalf of a new generation that has been re-baptised in the Fenian faith and that has accepted the responsibility of carrying out the Fenian programme.
I propose to you then that, here by the grave of this unrepentant Fenian, we renew our baptismal vows; that, here by the grave of this unconquered and unconquerable man, we ask of God, each one for himself, such unshakable purpose, such high and gallant courage, such unbreakable strength of soul as belonged to O’Donovan Rossa. Deliberately here we avow ourselves, as he avowed himself in the dock, Irishmen of one allegiance only. We of the Irish volunteers and you others who are associated with us in today’s task and duty are bound together and must stand together henceforth in brotherly union for the achievement of the freedom of Ireland. And we know only one definition of freedom: it is Tone’s definition, it is Mitchel’s definition, it is Rossa’s definition. Let no man blaspheme the cause that the dead generations of Ireland served by giving it any other name or definition than their name and their definition.
We stand at Rossa’s grave not in sadness but rather in exaltation of spirit that it has been given to us to come thus into so close a communion with that brave and splendid Gael. Splendid and holy causes are served by men who are themselves splendid and holy. O’Donovan Rossa was splendid in the proud manhood of him, splendid in the heroic grace of him, splendid in the Gaelic strength and clarity and truth of him. All that splendour and pride and strength was compatible with a humility and a simplicity of devotion to Ireland, to all that was olden and beautiful and Gaelic in Ireland, the holiness and simplicity of patriotism of a Michael O’ Cleary or of an Eoghan O’Growney. The clear true eyes of this man almost alone in his day visioned Ireland as we of today would surely have her: not free merely, but Gaelic as well; not Gaelic merely, but free as well.
In a closer spiritual communion with him now than ever before or perhaps ever again, in spiritual communion with those of his day, living and dead, who suffered with him in English prisons, in communion of spirit too with our own dear comrades who suffer in English prisons today, and speaking on their behalf as well as on our own. we pledge to Ireland our love, and we pledge to English rule in Ireland our hate. This is a place of peace, sacred to the dead, where men should speak with all charity and with all restraint but I hold it a Christian thing, as O’Donovan Rossa held it, to hate evil, to hate untruth, to hate oppression; and, hating them, to strive to overthrow them. Our foes are strong and wise and wary; but, strong and wise and wary as they are, they cannot undo the miracles of God who ripens in the hearts of young men the seeds sown by the young men of a former generation. And the seed sown by the young men of ‘65 and ‘67 are coming to their miraculous ripening today.
Rulers and Defenders of Realms had need to be wary if they would guard against such processes. Life springs from death: and from the graves of patriot men and women spring living nations. The Defenders of this Realm have worked well in secret and in the open. They think that they have pacified Ireland. They think that they have purchased half of us and intimidated the other half. They think that they have foreseen everything, think that they have provided against everything; but the fools, the fools, the fools! — they have left us our Fenian dead, and, while Ireland holds these graves, Ireland unfree shall never be at peace. 
Pearse, given his speaking and writing skills, was chosen by the leading IRB man Tom Clarke to be the spokesman for the Rising. It was Pearse who, on behalf of the IRB shortly before Easter in 1916, issued the orders to all Volunteer units throughout the country for three days of manoeuvres beginning Easter Sunday, which was the signal for a general uprising. When Eoin MacNeill, the Chief of Staff of the Volunteers, learned what was being planned without the promised arms from Germany, he countermanded the orders via newspaper, causing the IRB to issue a last minute order to go through with the plan the following day, greatly limiting the numbers who turned out for the rising.

When the Easter Rising eventually began on Easter Monday, 24 April 1916, it was Pearse who read the Proclamation of the Irish Republic from the steps of the General Post Office and headquarters of the revolutionaries. After six days fighting, heavy civilian casualties and great destruction of property, Pearse issued the order to surrender along with the remaining leaders.

Pearse and fourteen other leaders, including his brother Willie, were court-martialled and executed by firing squad. Sir Roger Casement, who had tried unsuccessfully to recruit an insurgent force among Irish-born prisoners of war from the Irish Brigade in Germany, was hanged in London the following August. Thomas Clarke, Thomas MacDonagh and Pearse himself were the first of the rebels to be executed, on the morning of 3 May 1916. Pearse was 36 years old at the time of his death.

Sir John Maxwell, the General Officer commanding the British forces in Ireland, sent a telegram to H.H. Asquith, then Prime Minister, advising him not to return the bodies of Pádraig and Willie Pearse to their family, saying, "Irish sentimentality will turn these graves into martyrs’ shrines to which annual processions will be made which would cause constant irritation in this country.

Maxwell also suppressed a letter from Pearse to his mother, and two poems dated 1 May 1916. He submitted copies of them also to Prime Minister Asquith, saying that some of the content was "objectionable."

Pearse wrote stories and poems in both Irish and English. His best-known English poems include "The Mother", "The Fool" and "The Wayfarer". He also penned several allegorical plays in the Irish language, including The King, The Master, and The Singer. His short stories in Irish include Eoghainín na nÉan ("Eoineen of the Birds"), Íosagán,"An Gadaí" Na Bóithre ("The Roads"), and An Bhean Chaointe ("The Keening Woman"). These are translated into English by Joseph Campbell (in the Collected Works of 1917). Most of his ideas on education are contained in his famous essay "The Murder Machine". He also authored many essays on politics and language, notably "The Coming Revolution" and "Ghosts".

Pearse is closely associated with the song, "Oró Sé do Bheatha 'Bhaile", for which he composed additional lyrics.

Largely as a result of a series of political pamphlets that Pearse wrote in the months leading up to the 1916 Rising, he soon became recognised as the voice of the 1916 Rising. In the middle decades of the 20th century, Pearse was idolised by Irish nationalists as the supreme idealist of their cause. With the outbreak of conflict in Northern Ireland in 1969, Pearse's legacy was used by the Provisional IRA.
Pearse's reputation and writings were subject to criticism by some historians who saw him as a dangerous, fanatical, psychologically unsound individual under ultra-religious influences. As Conor Cruise O'Brien, onetime Labour TD and former unionist politician, put it: "Pearse saw the Rising as a Passion Play with real blood." Others defended Pearse, suggesting that to blame him for the violence in Northern Ireland was unhistorical and a distortion of the real spirit of his writings. Though the passion of those arguments has waned in Northern Ireland since the Good Friday Agreement in 1998, his complex personality still remains a subject of controversy for those who wish to debate the evolving meaning of Irish nationalism.

Former Taoiseach Bertie Ahern described Pearse as one of his heroes and displayed a picture of Pearse over his desk in the Department of the Taoiseach.

Pearse's mother Margaret Pearse served as a TD in Dáil Éireann in the 1920s. His sister Margaret Mary Pearse also served as a TD and Senator.

Pearse's former school, St Enda's, Rathfarnham, on the south side of Dublin, is now the Pearse Museum dedicated to his memory.

Pearse Street and Pearse Square, in Dublin, were renamed in 1926 in honour of Pearse and his brother Willie, Pearse Street (then Great Brunswick Street) being their birthplace. Other Pearse Streets can be found in Athlone, Ballina, Bandon, Cahir, Cavan, Clonakilty (formerly Sovereign Street), Gorey, Kilkenny, Kinsale, Mountmellick, Mullingar, Nenagh and Sallynoggin (where there is also a Pearse Park, Avenue, Road etc.).

There are Pearse Roads in Ardara, Ballyphehane (which also has Pearse Place and Square), Bray, Cookstown (County Wicklow), Cork, Cranmore (which also has Pearse Crescent and Terrace), Dublin 16, Enniscorthy, Graiguecullen (County Carlow), Letterkenny, Limerick (which also has Pearse Avenue), Sligo, The Lough (Cork), Tralee and Turner's Cross (Cork).
There are Pearse Parks (residential streets) in Drogheda, Dundalk and Tullamore, and (parkland) on the outskirts of Arklow and in Tralee (the former demesne of Tralee Castle). There are other Pearse Avenues in Carrickmacross, Ennis, Mervue in Galway and Mallow. Carrigtwohill has a Patrick Pearse Place and there is a Pearse Bridge in Terenure. There is a Pearse Brothers Park in Rathfarnham and a Pearse Terrace in Westport.

Longford has Pearse Drive and Pearse View. Crumlin (Dublin) has a Pearse Memorial Park.

Cullenswood House, the old Pearse family house in Ranelagh, where Pádraic first founded St Enda's, today houses a primary Gaelscoil (school for education through the Irish language) called Lios na nÓg, part of a community-based effort to revive the Irish language. Crumlin (Dublin) has the Pearse College of Further Education, and there was formerly an Irish language summer school in Gaoth Dobhair called Colaiste an Phiarsaigh. In Rosmuc there is an Irish-medium vocational school, Gairmscoil na bPiarsach. The main lecture hall at the Cadet School in Ireland is named after P.H. Pearse.

A number of Gaelic Athletic Association clubs and playing fields in Ireland are named after Pádraic or both Pearses:
  • Antrim: Pearse Park, Dunloy; Patrick Pearse's GAC, Belfast
  • Armagh: Annaghmore Pearses GFC; Pearse Óg GAC and its grounds, Pearse Óg Park, Armagh
  • Cork: CLG Na Piarsaigh, Cork
  • Derry: Pádraig Pearse's GAC, Kilrea; Pearse's GFC, Waterside, Derry (defunct)
  • Donegal: Pearse's Park, Ardara
  • Dublin: Ballyboden St. Enda's GAA (called after Pearse's school); Pearse's GAC, Rathfarnham (defunct)
  • Galway: Pádraig Pearse's GAC, Ballymacward & Gurteen; Pearse Stadium, Salthill
  • Kerry: Dromid Pearses GAC; Kilflynn Pearses HC (defunct)
  • Limerick: CLG Na Piarsaigh, Limerick
  • Longford: Pearse Park, Longford
  • Louth: CPG Na Piarsaigh, Dundalk
  • Monaghan: Pearse Brothers GAC, Ballybay, and its grounds, Pearse Park
  • Roscommon: Pádraig Pearse's GAC
  • Tyrone: Pearse Óg GAC, Dregish; Fintona Pearses GAC; and Galbally Pearses GAC, and its grounds, Pearse Park; a defunct club, Leckpatrick Pearse Óg GAC
  • Wexford: Naomh Eanna GAA (called after Pearse's school); P.H. Pearse's HC, Enniscorthy (defunct)
  • Wicklow: Pearse Park, Arklow
So also are several outside Ireland:
  • Australasia: Pádraig Pearse GAC, Victoria
  • London: Brother Pearse's GAC, London
  • Scotland: Pearse Park, Glasgow; Pearse Harps HC (defunct)
  • Yorkshire: Brothers Pearse GAC, Huddersfield
  • North America: Pádraig Pearse GFC, Chicago; Pádraig Pearse GFC, Detroit
There are also soccer clubs named Pearse Celtic FC in Cork and in Ringsend, Dublin; and Liffeys Pearse FC, a south Dublin soccer club formed by the amalgamation of Liffeys Wanderers and Pearse Rangers. A Pearse Rangers schoolboy football club remains in existence in Dublin.

In 1916, English composer Arnold Bax, who had met the man, composed a tone poem entitled In Memoriam Patrick Pearse. It received its first public performance in 2008.

In Belfast, the Pearse Club on King Street was wrecked by an explosion in May 1938.

Westland Row Station in Dublin was renamed as Pearse Station in 1966 after the Pearses. The ten shilling coin minted in 1966 featured the bust of Patrick Pearse. The coin is unique among Irish coinage in that it is the sole coin to feature the bust of anyone associated with Irish history or politics.
In Ballymun the Patrick Pearse Tower was named after him. It was the first of Ballymun's tower blocks to be demolished in 2004.

In 1999, the centenary of Pearse's induction as a member of the Gorsedd at the 1899 Pan Celtic Eisteddfod in Cardiff (when he took the Bardic name Areithiwr) was marked by the unveiling of a plaque at the Consulate General of Ireland in Wales.

Postage stamps commemorating Pearse were issued by the Irish postal service in 1966, 1979 and 2008.




Members of the Eighteenth Dáil - Thomas Meaney

Thomas Meaney (born 11 August 1931) is a former Irish Fianna Fáil politician and farmer. His father Con Meaney was also a Fianna Fáil Teachta Dála (TD). When his father retired at the 1965 general election, Thomas Meaney succeeded him as a Fianna Fáil Teachta Dála (TD) for the Cork Mid constituency. He was re-elected at every subsequent general election until his retirement from politics at the November 1982 general election. He served as a Minister of State at the Department of Industry, Commerce and Energy from 1980–81.

Members of the Eighteenth Dáil - Flor Crowley

Florence "Flor" Crowley (27 December 1934 – 16 May 1997) was an Irish people Fianna Fáil politician. He was a Teachta Dála (TD) for thirteen years, and a Senator for five years.

An auctioneer from Bandon, County Cork, Crowley was an accomplished rugby player in his youth. He and his wife Sally had six children. Their son Brian Crowley is a former Fianna Fáil senator, and has been a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) since 1994.

He stood unsuccessfully as a Fianna Fáil candidate for Dáil Éireann in the Cork Mid constituency at a by-election in March 1965, but won the seat at the 1965 general election in April. After boundary changes for the 1969 general election, he was re-elected in the new Cork South–West constituency, and held the seat at the 1973 general election. Meanwhile, he had been elected in 1967 as a member of both Cork City Council and Cork County Council, and after the 1971 local elections had remained a member only of the County Council.

He lost his seat at the 1977 general election. Fianna Fáil won a landslide victory, but it had fielded three candidates in Cork South–West and won only one seat. Crowley, the sitting TD, was beaten by his party colleague Joe Walsh. He was then elected to the 14th Seanad Éireann on the Cultural and Educational Panel, and at the 1981 general he regained his Dáil seat from Walsh. Walsh retook the seat at the February 1982 general election, following which Crowley stood in the Seanad elections on the Cultural and Educational Panel. However, he did not win a seat; at the time Fianna Fáil was deeply divided between supporters and opponents of its leader Charles Haughey, and the Haughey-supporting Crowley was beaten by another Fianna Fáil candidate, Séamus de Brún, who had previously been nominated by the Taoiseach, Jack Lynch to the 14th Seanad. Crowley was then nominated by Haughey to the 16th Seanad.

Crowley did not contest the November 1982 general election. In the subsequent February 1983 Seanad elections, he stood as a candidate on the Administrative Panel, but did not win a seat.

Members of the Eighteenth Dáil - Donal Creed

Donal Creed (born 7 September 1924) is a retired Irish Fine Gael party politician from Macroom in County Cork, who served as a Teachta Dála (TD) for 22 years and as a junior government minister in the 1980s.

He first stood as a candidate for Dáil Éireann at a by-election in March 1965 for the Cork Mid constituency following the death of the Labour Party TD Dan Desmond. The by-election was won by Desmond's widow Eileen, but at the 1965 general election in April that year Creed won the 4th seat in the four-seat constituency.

Creed was re-elected at seven further general elections, switching in 1981 to the new Cork North–West constituency when Cork Mid was abolished in boundary changes. From 1973 to 1977 he served as one of Ireland's first Members of the European Parliament (MEP), before MEPs were directly elected. Creed served on three of the European Parliament's committees: Agriculture, Public Health and the Environment, Regional Policy and Transport. He was also Chairman of Cork County Council from 1978 to 1979.

In Garret FitzGerald's first coalition government, he was Minister of State at the Department of Health from June to November 1981, and then at the Department of the Environment from November 1981 until the government was defeated in a budget vote in January 1982. Fianna Fáil was returned to power at the resulting February 1982 general election, but that government too was short-lived. When FitzGerald formed a new coalition government after another general election in November 1982, Creed was appointed as Minister of State at the Department of Education, and held that post until he was dropped in a reshuffle in February 1986.

Creed stepped down from the Dáil at the 1989 general election, when his son Michael Creed held the seat for Fine Gael.

Members of the Eighteenth Dáil - Pearse Wyse

Pearse Wyse (2 March 1928 – 28 April 2009) was an Irish Fianna Fáil and Progressive Democrats politician.

He was born in Cork in 1928. He first held political office in 1960 when he was elected to Cork City Council. Five years later he was first elected to Dáil Éireann as a Fianna Fáil Teachta Dála (TD) and running mate of Jack Lynch at the 1965 general election for the Cork Borough constituency. He was re-elected for various Cork constituencies until he retired from national politics at the 1992 general election.

Wyse was appointed Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Finance in 1977 and served as Minister of State at the Department of Finance from 1978 until 1979. A staunch supporter of Jack Lynch, Wyse opposed Charles Haughey in every leadership contest from when he assumed the role, becoming a member of the so-called Gang of 22. He was an associate of Desmond O'Malley and had supported George Colley in the 1979 Fianna Fáil leadership election. Disaffected from the party leadership, Wyse was one of the founders of the Progressive Democrats in 1985. He held his seat as a Progressive Democrats TD at the 1987 and 1989 general elections.

Wyse's seat was retained by Pat Cox at the 1992 general election. He remained a member of Cork City Council until he retired in 1999 having held his seat for almost forty years. He also served as Lord Mayor of Cork in 1967 and 1974.

Wyse died on 28 April 2009 in Cork, aged 81.